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MEMS Mirror Steering

What Does a Typical MEMS Mirror System Look Like?


MEMS mirrors typically need a high-voltage driver IC to control the position of the mirror. For example, a typical MEMS mirror would need drive voltages in the range of 200V–300V. The high-voltage mirror driver would get its input from a microcontroller or FPGA in the system, which is responsible for determining the drive voltages that need to be applied. The same microcontroller also controls the laser diode driver to synchronize the operation of the laser diode and the mirror. A high-resolution Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) is used to interface the digital output of the controller to the analog input of the amplifier. The requirements of the DAC depend on the resolution and speed requirements of the system. A photo diode can be used for feedback in case of closed-loop systems.

MEMS Mirror Steering Application Challenges


Multiple blocks are needed to implement a MEMS mirror steering system successfully:

  • To enable fast computation based on feedback signals, the main controller must be capable of processing data at high speeds. It also needs to have Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) with high sampling rates to collect the feedback signal with sufficient resolution. It also requires sufficient memory to allow a larger number of samples to be stored and processed.
  • The DAC should also have sufficient speed and resolution to enable the control of the mirror with high speed and precision.
  • The high-voltage driver needs to amplify a low-voltage DAC output to the high voltages required to operate the mirror. Typical voltages needed to operate a MEMS mirror are in the range of 200–300V. The amplifier should also have high bandwidth and slew rates for fast steering in dynamic operation, as well as a low drift to maintain mirror position for static operations. 
  • The high-voltage power supply has to generate 200–300V DC voltages from a very low input voltage (for example, 3.3V for a Li-ion battery-based pico projector). Since these applications are usually space constrained, the overall solution has to have a small form factor.
  • The laser driver needs to change the intensity of the laser at the pixel rate to project high-resolution images. This can be quite fast for applications like HDMI video. The driver takes parallel digital data from the external interface and converts this into a controlled analog current for the laser, synchronized with the horizontal and vertical scanning of the MEMS.

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